Progression – Engagement Model

First Steps – Engagement Model

Step:

Category:

Outcome:

EM Area:

Age:

ID	Step	Category	Outcome	EM Area	Age
1	1	Attention	Demonstrate a reflex response to their own sounds	Anticipation	0-3 months
2	1	Attention	Demonstrate reflex responses when not engaged with others	Exploration	0-3 months
3	1	Attention	Give momentary attention to familiar food containers in front of them	Exploration	0-3 months
4	1	Attention	Give momentary attention to pictures put in front of them	Exploration	0-3 months
5	1	Attention	Glance at light briefly when the source enters their field of vision	Exploration	0-3 months
6	1	Attention	Glance at objects within 50 centimetres when the objects are moved closer	Exploration	0-3 months
7	1	Attention	Open eyes for brief periods when encountering stimulating events	Anticipation	0-3 months
8	1	Attention	React to a range of sounds that are close by	Anticipation	0-3 months
9	1	Attention	React to light with minor physiological changes when environmental lighting changes dramatically	Anticipation	0-3 months
10	1	Attention	React to movement with minor physiological changes when objects or people move suddenly	Anticipation	0-3 months
11	1	Attention	React to noise with minor physiological changes when the environmental volume changes suddenly	Anticipation	0-3 months
12	1	Attention	React to physical contact with minor physiological changes when hands are touched lightly	Anticipation	0-3 months
13	1	Attention	React to physical contact with minor physiological changes when their hands are touched	Anticipation	0-3 months
14	1	Attention	React to textures with minor physiological changes when feeling rough or smooth surfaces	Exploration	0-3 months
15	1	Attention	Startle to a sudden change in light	Anticipation	0-3 months
16	1	Attention	Startle to sudden loud noises	Anticipation	0-3 months
17	1	Attention	Startle to sudden movement	Anticipation	0-3 months
18	1	Attention	React to pain and other unpleasant stimuli	Anticipation	0-3 months
19	1	Attention	Vocalise in response to pain or other unpleasant stimuli	Anticipation	0-3 months
20	2	Attention	Attend briefly to items with their mouth when provided with suitable objects	Exploration	0-3 months
21	2	Attention	Attend briefly to their hands and fingers when not engaged with a member of staff	Exploration	0-3 months
22	2	Attention	Attend briefly to their immediate environment intermittently with vision or grasp when not engaged with a member of staff	Exploration	0-3 months
23	2	Attention	Engage in an activity for three seconds with a familiar person	Persistence	0-3 months
24	2	Attention	Engage in an activity for five seconds with a familiar person	Persistence	0-3 months
25	2	Attention	Focus attention on moving faces intermittently when within their visual range	Exploration	0-3 months
26	2	Attention	Focus attention on moving objects intermittently when within their visual range	Exploration	0-3 months
27	2	Attention	Focus attention on moving sounds intermittently when within auditory range	Exploration	0-3 months
28	2	Attention	Follow an object with their eyes briefly when it moves past midline	Exploration	0-3 months
29	2	Attention	Maintain attention on certain objects for five seconds when alert and ready	Persistence	0-3 months
30	2	Attention	Maintain attention on certain voices for five seconds when alert and ready	Persistence	0-3 months
31	2	Attention	Maintain attention on certain events for five seconds when alert and ready	Persistence	0-3 months
32	2	Attention	Put hands on spoon or cup whilst being fed (but doesn't hold independently)	Exploration	0-3 months
33	2	Attention	React to changes with facial gestures intermittently	Anticipation	0-3 months
34	2	Attention	Watch the movement of their own limbs briefly	Exploration	0-3 months
35	2	Attention	Watch their own hand movements briefly	Exploration	0-3 months
36	2	Attention	Focus on a face which is within close proximity	Exploration	0-3 months
37	2	Attention	Focus on a static object which is within close proximity	Exploration	0-3 months
38	2	Attention	Watch the faces of other people eating briefly	Exploration	0-3 months
39	3	Attention	Anticipate loud noise by startling less when experiencing sudden noises, e.g. doorbell, door slam	Anticipation	3-6 months
40	3	Attention	Attempt to grab objects of interest using a raking motion	Exploration	3-6 months
41	3	Attention	Change their facial expressions when faces disappear from view, e.g. peek-a-boo	Anticipation	3-6 months
42	3	Attention	Demonstrate a brief interest in noises in their immediate environment when encouraged by a member of staff	Exploration	3-6 months
43	3	Attention	Demonstrate a brief interest in sights in their immediate environment when encouraged by a member of staff	Exploration	3-6 months
44	3	Attention	Direct their body movements towards a member of staff when engaging in an activity	Initiation	3-6 months
45	3	Attention	Engage in co-active exploration proactively when working with a member of staff	Persistence	3-6 months
46	3	Attention	Imitate environmental sounds in their own manner	Initiation	3-6 months
47	3	Attention	Imitate sounds in their own manner when interacting with a familiar member of staff or more able peer	Initiation	3-6 months
48	3	Attention	Look at a person/activity, maintaining eye contact when engaged by a member of staff	Persistence	3-6 months
49	3	Attention	Change facial expressions when objects disappear from view, e.g. falls off a table	Anticipation	3-6 months
50	3	Attention	React to an instruction positively or negatively when a member of staff initiates interaction	Anticipation	3-6 months
51	3	Attention	Search for partially hidden objects with their eyes or hands when playing alone	Persistence	3-6 months
52	3	Attention	Turn their head to observe the environment when initiating play	Initiation	3-6 months
53	3	Attention	React consistently to stimuli when interacting with familiar activities, e.g. babbling starts/stops when a musical toy plays	Anticipation	3-6 months
54	3	Attention	Explore a desired object with their hands for up to 10 seconds when provided with a variety of objects	Exploration	3-6 months
55	3	Attention	Explore a desired object with their mouth for up to 10 seconds when provided with a variety of objects	Exploration	3-6 months
56	3	Attention	Notice peers briefly when alongside them during play situations	Exploration	3-6 months
57	3	Attention	Hold their head steady when looking at a familiar person	Persistence	3-6 months
58	3	Attention	Hold their head steady when looking at a favoured object	Persistence	3-6 months
59	3	Attention	Hold their head steady when looking at a new object	Persistence	3-6 months
60	3	Attention	Hold their head steady when looking at a new person	Persistence	3-6 months
61	3	Attention	Hold their head steady when looking at an interesting event	Persistence	3-6 months
62	3	Attention	Hold their head steady when looking at a different/new event	Persistence	3-6 months
63	4	Attention	Follow a simple one- or two-key word instruction when accompanied by gestures and context	Realisation	6-12 months
64	4	Attention	Listen to a member of staff briefly when they are spoken to	Exploration	6-12 months
65	4	Attention	Anticipate a routine demonstrating an expectation of familiar actions when given a visual cue	Anticipation	6-12 months
66	4	Attention	Anticipate a routine demonstrating an expectation of familiar actions when given an auditory cue	Anticipation	6-12 months
67	4	Attention	Attend to changes pointed out by a member of staff in their environment aurally when transitioning from subject to subject	Realisation	6-12 months
68	4	Attention	Concentrate on a task for three minutes when working independently	Persistence	6-12 months
69	4	Attention	Concentrate on a task for five minutes when working independently	Persistence	6-12 months
70	4	Attention	Explore an activity for three minutes when working coactively	Exploration	6-12 months
71	4	Attention	Explore an activity for five minutes when working coactively	Exploration	6-12 months
72	4	Attention	Explore an object for three minutes when working coactively	Exploration	6-12 months
73	4	Attention	Explore an object for five minutes when working coactively	Exploration	6-12 months
74	4	Attention	Look at events by pushing up on their arms/lifting head when lying on their stomach	Exploration	6-12 months
75	4	Attention	Look at people by pushing up on their arms/lifting head when lying on their stomach	Exploration	6-12 months
76	4	Attention	Maintain interest in pictures for a minute while the content is named	Persistence	6-12 months
77	4	Attention	Observe events with interest when they are the result of their own actions	Exploration	6-12 months
78	4	Attention	Pick up and look at a new/unfamiliar object	Exploration	6-12 months
79	4	Attention	Play with objects happily	Exploration	6-12 months
80	4	Attention	Co-operate with a member of staff either passively or actively whilst eating	Persistence	6-12 months
81	4	Attention	Observe others with interest when not engaged in an activity	Exploration	6-12 months
82	4	Attention	Point at people with their fingers/eyes when interested in them	Initiation	6-12 months
83	4	Attention	Recognise their reflected self by making intentional movement and watching reaction when shown a mirror	Realisation	6-12 months
84	4	Attention	Search for partially hidden objects with their eyes or hands when playing with a member of staff	Persistence	6-12 months
85	4	Attention	Move towards a new/unfamiliar object	Exploration	6-12 months
86	4	Attention	Show an interest in books when ‘reading’ with a member of staff	Exploration	6-12 months
87	4	Attention	Watch members of staff for short periods of time whilst not engaged in a task	Exploration	6-12 months
88	4	Attention	Watch peers play with interest whilst not engaged with a member of staff	Exploration	6-12 months
89	4	Attention	Watch the activities of members of staff with interest when the interactions happen nearby	Exploration	6-12 months
90	4	Attention	Vocalise to a member of staff to attract attention when not engaged in a task	Initiation	6-12 months
91	4	Attention	Vocalise to a member of staff to keep attention when engaged in conversation	Initiation	6-12 months
92	5	Attention	Join in rhymes or jingles with babble and a few recognisable words, signs, or symbols	Initiation	12-21 months
93	5	Attention	Join in songs with babble and a few recognisable words, signs, or symbols	Initiation	12-21 months
94	5	Attention	Join in with repetition of a story or song independently	Persistence	12-21 months
95	5	Attention	Participate in singing activities	Initiation	12-21 months
96	5	Attention	Listen as a member of staff talks about a book	Exploration	12-21 months
97	5	Attention	Listen to, and can engage with, music they have not heard before	Exploration	12-21 months
98	5	Attention	Follow simple commands with appropriate responses, e.g. rolls the ball when requested to	Realisation	12-21 months
99	5	Attention	Repeat a member of staff's last word	Persistence	12-21 months
100	5	Attention	Respond to one-step commands appropriately when asked clearly by a member of staff, e.g. “Get your shoes”	Realisation	12-21 months
101	5	Attention	Complete a simple task when requested, e.g. puts their cup in the sink when asked	Realisation	12-21 months
102	5	Attention	Demonstrate anticipation when specific equipment is distributed	Anticipation	12-21 months
103	5	Attention	Demonstrate anticipation when specific sounds are heard	Anticipation	12-21 months
104	5	Attention	Play independently for four minutes	Persistence	12-21 months
105	5	Attention	Play independently for six minutes	Persistence	12-21 months
106	5	Attention	Play independently for ten minutes	Persistence	12-21 months
107	5	Attention	Respond when informed it is lunchtime	Realisation	12-21 months
108	5	Attention	Respond to voices with background noise present	Realisation	12-21 months
109	5	Attention	Take part in a simple one-to-one listening game	Persistence	12-21 months
110	5	Attention	Demonstrate intense curiosity	Exploration	12-21 months
111	5	Attention	Pass an object when asked	Realisation	12-21 months
112	5	Attention	Become involved in their own activity	Exploration	12-21 months
113	5	Attention	Stay involved in an independent activity which interests them	Persistence	12-21 months
114	5	Attention	Pull faces with peers	Initiation	12-21 months
115	5	Attention	Recognise self in mirror	Realisation	12-21 months
116	5	Attention	Scribble on paper and attend to the marks they have made when prompted by a member of staff	Exploration	12-21 months
117	5	Attention	Stop an activity to handle/view a new object	Exploration	12-21 months
118	5	Attention	Go to a requested place, e.g. book corner	Realisation	12-21 months
119	5	Attention	Care for the classroom pets or plants	Persistence	12-21 months
120	5	Attention	Orientate their head or eyes towards an object when a member of staff points at it	Exploration	12-21 months
121	5	Attention	Exercise some care when warned something is dangerous	Realisation	12-21 months
122	5	Attention	Defecate generally on toilet if placed there at the appropriate time	Realisation	12-21 months
123	6	Attention	Concentrate during independent exploration for ten minutes	Persistence	21-36 months
124	6	Attention	Communicate about the effects of different tools on dough	Realisation	21-36 months
125	6	Attention	Communicate the similarities between a new object and a familiar one	Realisation	21-36 months
126	6	Attention	Compare objects when investigating which interests them more	Exploration	21-36 months
127	6	Attention	Compare the weight of two objects with assistance	Realisation	21-36 months
128	6	Attention	Compare their food with another person's, commenting on the differences	Realisation	21-36 months
129	6	Attention	Concentrate without support for up to ten minutes	Persistence	21-36 months
130	6	Attention	Copy a simple three beat rhythm	Realisation	21-36 months
131	6	Attention	Experiment with moving to music in different ways	Exploration	21-36 months
132	6	Attention	Experiment with the use of tools with dough	Exploration	21-36 months
133	6	Attention	Explore an activity for ten minutes independently, communicating what they have found	Exploration	21-36 months
134	6	Attention	Explore an activity/object for up to ten minutes	Exploration	21-36 months
135	6	Attention	Express what they are doing and give a reason, using words, signs or symbols	Realisation	21-36 months
136	6	Attention	Feel objects that may be hot with care	Realisation	21-36 months
137	6	Attention	Find materials with a specific property, e.g. feel different objects in the garden to find a collection of rough items	Exploration	21-36 months
138	6	Attention	Imitate a range of sounds which are loud, quiet, quick or slow	Initiation	21-36 months
139	6	Attention	Join in a small group rhyme or story activity	Initiation	21-36 months
140	6	Attention	Join in adult-led group activity	Persistence	21-36 months
141	6	Attention	Join in with familiar poems and songs	Initiation	21-36 months
142	6	Attention	Listen as part of a group for short periods	Exploration	21-36 months
143	6	Attention	Listen for the answers to questions	Realisation	21-36 months
144	6	Attention	Listen for, and try to identify, sounds in the setting	Exploration	21-36 months
145	6	Attention	Respond to prompting to finish food or continue eating	Persistence	21-36 months
146	6	Attention	Explore sounds they can make with instruments	Exploration	21-36 months
147	6	Attention	Relate an event to their own experience	Realisation	21-36 months
148	6	Attention	Place their coat on a hook	Realisation	21-36 months
149	6	Attention	Pour water from one container to another with little spillage	Realisation	21-36 months
150	6	Attention	Say rhymes with recognisable words when playing by themselves	Initiation	21-36 months
151	6	Attention	Show enjoyment in saying a new word	Initiation	21-36 months
152	6	Attention	Look at others to see their response, e.g. to a noise	Exploration	21-36 months
153	6	Attention	Look at the object, person, or event to which a member of staff is referring	Exploration	21-36 months
154	6	Attention	Look at others' work	Exploration	21-36 months
155	6	Attention	Look for missing person	Exploration	21-36 months
156	6	Attention	Organise themselves when going to the toilet, but needs adult presence	Realisation	21-36 months
157	6	Attention	Sit still for short periods of time	Persistence	21-36 months
158	6	Attention	Demonstrate curiosity in the outside world	Exploration	21-36 months
159	6	Attention	Eat and swallow only edible substances	Realisation	21-36 months
160	6	Attention	Demonstrate curiosity in new foods	Exploration	21-36 months
161	6	Attention	Respond to member of staff's reaction to their own action	Realisation	21-36 months
162	6	Attention	Demonstrate an interest in another's play and will join in	Initiation	21-36 months
163	6	Attention	Match a picture to an object	Realisation	21-36 months
164	6	Attention	Match pairs of objects with assistance	Realisation	21-36 months
165	6	Attention	Match pictures to objects with assistance	Realisation	21-36 months
166	6	Attention	Match pictures to pictures with assistance	Realisation	21-36 months
167	6	Attention	Mix different paint colours and observe the change	Exploration	21-36 months
168	6	Attention	Put rubbish in the bin	Realisation	21-36 months
169	6	Attention	Share an activity with another person for five minutes, e.g. share a book	Persistence	21-36 months
170	6	Attention	Share out things to other people in the group	Realisation	21-36 months
171	6	Attention	Sit appropriately in public spaces	Realisation	21-36 months
172	6	Attention	Sit on a chair appropriately	Realisation	21-36 months
173	6	Attention	Take an appropriate amount of toilet paper	Realisation	21-36 months
174	6	Attention	Express an awareness of other people's belongings	Realisation	21-36 months
175	6	Attention	Match 2D shapes	Realisation	21-36 months
176	6	Attention	Match objects to pictures	Realisation	21-36 months
177	6	Attention	Match colours	Realisation	21-36 months
178	1	Communication	Accept a change in their position	Realisation	0-3 months
179	1	Communication	Accept being supported in a sitting position	Realisation	0-3 months
180	1	Communication	Accept being washed	Realisation	0-3 months
181	1	Communication	Accept laying on either side	Realisation	0-3 months
182	1	Communication	Demonstrate distress when hungry	Anticipation	0-3 months
183	2	Communication	Indicate a preference by reacting positively to the start of favourite music	Anticipation	0-3 months
184	2	Communication	Like an object consistently when involved in familiar routines	Anticipation	0-3 months
185	2	Communication	Dislike an object consistently when involved in familiar routines	Anticipation	0-3 months
186	2	Communication	Like an event consistently when involved in familiar routines	Anticipation	0-3 months
187	2	Communication	Acknowledge pleasure by intermittent responsive smiling when provided with enjoyable smells	Anticipation	0-3 months
188	2	Communication	Dislike an event consistently when involved in familiar routines	Anticipation	0-3 months
189	3	Communication	Express eagerness vocally or physically when presented with a familiar activity	Anticipation	3-6 months
190	3	Communication	Express eagerness vocally or physically when presented with a familiar object	Anticipation	3-6 months
191	3	Communication	Express eagerness vocally or physically when presented with a familiar person	Anticipation	3-6 months
192	3	Communication	Express eagerness vocally when presented with a new object	Anticipation	3-6 months
193	3	Communication	Express eagerness vocally when presented with a new activity	Anticipation	3-6 months
194	3	Communication	Express eagerness vocally when presented with familiar food/drink	Anticipation	3-6 months
195	3	Communication	Protest through facial expression or vocalisation when a desired activity stops, or an object is removed by a member of staff	Persistence	3-6 months
196	3	Communication	Indicate a preference for specific textures by moving their hand from one to another when working with a member of staff	Realisation	3-6 months
197	3	Communication	Initiate vocal play by chuckling when not engaged with a member of staff	Initiation	3-6 months
198	3	Communication	Initiate vocal play by cooing when not engaged with a member of staff	Initiation	3-6 months
199	3	Communication	Initiate vocal play by gurgling when not engaged with a member of staff	Initiation	3-6 months
200	3	Communication	Make sounds to a member of staff when engaging in an activity	Initiation	3-6 months
201	3	Communication	Reinforce choice/understanding with response, e.g. smiling	Realisation	3-6 months
202	3	Communication	Show preferences by pointing/gesturing when provided with both a favoured and a disliked option	Realisation	3-6 months
203	3	Communication	Vocalise to a member of staff in different ways when experiencing different needs	Initiation	3-6 months
204	4	Communication	Communicate consistent preferences with emotional responses when choices are provided	Realisation	6-12 months
205	4	Communication	Request a favourite activity through their chosen form of communication when self-selecting tasks	Realisation	6-12 months
206	4	Communication	Request physical contact with gestures or vocalisations when playing with peers	Initiation	6-12 months
207	4	Communication	Communicate with a member of staff by using an individual action or gesture when they want something	Realisation	6-12 months
208	4	Communication	Communicate with a member of staff by using consistent vocal noises when they want something	Realisation	6-12 months
209	4	Communication	Engage in new activities willingly when offered them by a familiar member of staff	Exploration	6-12 months
210	4	Communication	Indicate a preference when provided with two symbols of equally liked items	Realisation	6-12 months
211	4	Communication	Indicate a preference when provided with two pictures of equally liked items	Realisation	6-12 months
212	4	Communication	Indicate a preference when provided with two equally liked items	Realisation	6-12 months
213	4	Communication	Initiate communication with a member of staff by going to a specific place, e.g. waiting by the cupboard for it to be opened	Initiation	6-12 months
214	4	Communication	Initiate communication with a member of staff by pulling them to a location	Initiation	6-12 months
215	4	Communication	Initiate social games by taking a proactive role when engaging with a member of staff, e.g. hides their face and reveals it to start peek-a-boo	Initiation	6-12 months
216	4	Communication	Make an intentional selection by eye-pointing/switch-pressing/etc. when provided with a choice of two	Realisation	6-12 months
217	4	Communication	Make requests for desired objects with gestures or vocalisations	Initiation	6-12 months
218	4	Communication	Protest vocally to a disliked or unknown foodstuff	Persistence	6-12 months
219	4	Communication	React to the question “More?” with a heightened expressive response when offered continuation of an activity	Anticipation	6-12 months
220	4	Communication	Reject interaction/an object by turning their head or pushing away when provided with a disliked activity	Persistence	6-12 months
221	4	Communication	Request 'more' of an action or object in their chosen form of communication	Initiation	6-12 months
222	4	Communication	Communicate with a member of staff by using an individual action or gesture when they are hungry or thirsty	Realisation	6-12 months
223	4	Communication	Gesture to a member of staff to attract attention when not engaged in a task	Initiation	6-12 months
224	4	Communication	Protest the conclusion of an activity after working with a member of staff	Persistence	6-12 months
225	4	Communication	Indicate they wish to handle a new/unfamiliar object	Realisation	6-12 months
226	4	Communication	Attract attention from a member of staff when they want something	Initiation	6-12 months
227	4	Communication	Refuse an object, activity or foodstuff when given to them by a member of staff, e.g. verbally or physically	Persistence	6-12 months
228	5	Communication	Combine sounds and gestures to indicate a need	Realisation	12-21 months
229	5	Communication	Respond to choices with actions or gestures when given options	Realisation	12-21 months
230	5	Communication	Communicate likes or dislikes using words, signs, or symbols	Realisation	12-21 months
231	5	Communication	Indicate the need for help with words, gestures, or symbols	Realisation	12-21 months
232	5	Communication	Request a new action or object in their chosen form of communication	Initiation	12-21 months
233	5	Communication	Request desired objects via photographic means when communicating with a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
234	5	Communication	Share an activity with a member of staff on their own initiative	Initiation	12-21 months
235	5	Communication	Actively participate in pretend play	Persistence	12-21 months
236	5	Communication	Communicate the name of a specifically desired food item	Realisation	12-21 months
237	5	Communication	Express their independence by confidently initiating activities when playing	Initiation	12-21 months
238	5	Communication	Express their independence by confidently initiating conversation when playing	Initiation	12-21 months
239	5	Communication	Indicate a need for a change of clothes when they have wet them	Realisation	12-21 months
240	5	Communication	Indicate a need for the toilet at the appropriate time	Realisation	12-21 months
241	5	Communication	Indicate a need for the toilet but not always in time	Realisation	12-21 months
242	5	Communication	Indicate they wish to feel the texture	Realisation	12-21 months
243	5	Communication	Indicate they wish to know what is hidden, e.g. in the box	Realisation	12-21 months
244	5	Communication	Indicate verbally, a need for a change of clothes when they have soiled their clothes	Realisation	12-21 months
245	5	Communication	Request new colours when painting, e.g. by pointing to their selection	Initiation	12-21 months
246	5	Communication	Request new material to stick when gluing, e.g. gesturing to foil to stick to picture	Initiation	12-21 months
247	5	Communication	Request to handle a new object	Initiation	12-21 months
248	5	Communication	Share an activity with a peer on their own initiative	Initiation	12-21 months
249	5	Communication	Attempt to get objects by vocalising or pointing	Initiation	12-21 months
250	5	Communication	Point to foods that they know they like to eat	Realisation	12-21 months
251	5	Communication	Communicate a strong, 'No' to unwanted food	Persistence	12-21 months
252	5	Communication	Show interest with an independent activity, e.g. request to continue with an activity to find out more	Exploration	12-21 months
253	5	Communication	Make a choice from a range of three or more physical items	Realisation	12-21 months
254	5	Communication	Nod, sign, or use symbols in agreement to a suggestion or viewpoint of another	Realisation	12-21 months
255	5	Communication	Shake their head, sign, or use symbols in disagreement to a suggestion or viewpoint of another	Realisation	12-21 months
256	6	Communication	Communicate 'Yes' and 'No' using words, signs, or symbols to indicate their needs or preferences	Realisation	21-36 months
257	6	Communication	Express likes and dislikes when offered different smells	Realisation	21-36 months
258	6	Communication	Express phrases starting with "I am going to…"	Realisation	21-36 months
259	6	Communication	Express phrases with three key words	Realisation	21-36 months
260	6	Communication	Make it clear they do not agree with a suggestion	Realisation	21-36 months
261	6	Communication	Respond with their own name in response to “Who wants …?”	Realisation	21-36 months
262	6	Communication	Communicate what they would like to eat	Realisation	21-36 months
263	6	Communication	Indicate needs with words, signs, or symbols like ‘more’ and ‘again’	Realisation	21-36 months
264	6	Communication	Make a choice based on what is offered	Realisation	21-36 months
265	6	Communication	Respond to an adult when offered a selection of motivating items	Realisation	21-36 months
266	6	Communication	Make it clear they agree with a suggestion	Realisation	21-36 months
267	6	Communication	Suggest what colour they would like to make an object, e.g. I want to draw a red fish	Realisation	21-36 months
268	6	Communication	Choose an activity from a choice of two or more	Realisation	21-36 months
269	6	Communication	Demonstrate obvious enthusiasm when with favourite peer or member of staff	Exploration	21-36 months
270	6	Communication	Express likes and dislikes, giving simple reasons	Realisation	21-36 months
271	6	Communication	Identify their favourite clothes	Realisation	21-36 months
272	6	Communication	Request information about a new activity/object/event	Realisation	21-36 months
273	6	Communication	Suggest what shape they would like to make an object, e.g. "Star biscuits"	Realisation	21-36 months
274	6	Communication	Demonstrate a willingness to explore something new outside	Exploration	21-36 months
275	6	Communication	Communicate basic expectations to their friends, e.g. 'You should share your toy with me'	Realisation	21-36 months
276	6	Communication	Communicate who their friends are	Realisation	21-36 months
277	6	Communication	Express simple opinions, e.g. too hot, or too loud, etc.	Realisation	21-36 months
278	6	Communication	Identify their favourite colour	Realisation	21-36 months
279	6	Communication	Indicate preferences consistently	Realisation	21-36 months
280	6	Communication	Object to major changes in the routine	Persistence	21-36 months
281	6	Communication	Volunteer to help put objects away	Realisation	21-36 months
282	6	Communication	Help out around the setting, e.g. tidies the table, makes their bed	Realisation	21-36 months
283	6	Communication	Initiate a simple conversation	Initiation	21-36 months
284	1	Interaction	Encounter patterns of sound	Exploration	0-3 months
285	1	Interaction	Vocalise contentedly	Initiation	0-3 months
286	1	Interaction	Change facial expressions incidentally during an interaction when engaged	Anticipation	0-3 months
287	1	Interaction	Give momentary attention to people in front of them	Exploration	0-3 months
288	1	Interaction	Give momentary attention to someone speaking close to them and in their direct line of vision (not consistent)	Exploration	0-3 months
289	1	Interaction	Glance at a face within 50 centimetres when it moves closer	Exploration	0-3 months
290	1	Interaction	Glance at people within 2 metres when they are moving	Exploration	0-3 months
291	1	Interaction	React to voices with minor physiological changes	Anticipation	0-3 months
292	2	Interaction	Demonstrate an awareness of the presence of others	Exploration	0-3 months
293	2	Interaction	Demonstrate signs of intentional communication	Realisation	0-3 months
294	2	Interaction	Give intermittent reactions to the facial expressions of a familiar person during interactive play, e.g. sticks out tongue	Realisation	0-3 months
295	2	Interaction	React to social interaction with an intermittent heightened expressive response when a familiar person copies one of their actions	Anticipation	0-3 months
296	2	Interaction	Show enjoyment when familiar adults copy their vocalisations	Anticipation	0-3 months
297	2	Interaction	Watch faces intermittently during interactions when a familiar person talks to them	Exploration	0-3 months
298	2	Interaction	React to well-known voices with an intermittent heightened expressive response when spoken to by a familiar person	Anticipation	0-3 months
299	3	Interaction	Babble using consonant sounds when a member of staff initiates interaction, e.g. “Guh”, “Kah”, “Huh”, etc.	Initiation	3-6 months
300	3	Interaction	Babble using vowel-consonant-vowel/double syllable sounds when a member of staff initiates interaction, e.g. “Ag-ah”, “Um-ah”, etc.	Initiation	3-6 months
301	3	Interaction	Babble in a speech-like way when a member of staff initiates interaction	Initiation	3-6 months
302	3	Interaction	Watch the faces of speakers when interactions happen nearby	Exploration	3-6 months
303	3	Interaction	Attempt to copy facial expressions	Realisation	3-6 months
304	3	Interaction	Respond to their own name by looking for a voice when they are called	Realisation	3-6 months
305	4	Interaction	Babble tunefully using musical tones when vocalising to themselves or others	Initiation	6-12 months
306	4	Interaction	Babble two or three words repeatedly when playing	Initiation	6-12 months
307	4	Interaction	Communicate with a member of staff using some elements of conventional communication (accurately or not)	Realisation	6-12 months
308	4	Interaction	Communicate with peers by using actions or gestures when they want to do something	Realisation	6-12 months
309	4	Interaction	Mimic others’ hand gestures when communicating	Realisation	6-12 months
310	4	Interaction	Mimic others’ mouth movements when communicating	Realisation	6-12 months
311	4	Interaction	Mimic others’ intonation when communicating	Realisation	6-12 months
312	4	Interaction	Imitate the expressions of others during interactive play	Realisation	6-12 months
313	4	Interaction	Initiate communication with a member of staff by seeking visual contact	Initiation	6-12 months
314	4	Interaction	Look at peer to acknowledge them when familiar people’s names are spoken	Realisation	6-12 months
315	4	Interaction	Respond to familiar peers consistently when interacting with them	Realisation	6-12 months
316	4	Interaction	Respond to frequently used words or signs appropriately when used in appropriate context, e.g. “All gone”, “Bye-bye”, etc.	Realisation	6-12 months
317	4	Interaction	Verbalise “Mama”, “Dada” and one or two other words mostly coherently	Realisation	6-12 months
318	4	Interaction	Acknowledge their own name by stopping and facing the sound when they hear it spoken	Realisation	6-12 months
319	4	Interaction	Communicate to a member of staff with verbal or physical exclamations, e.g. saying “Uh-oh!” when something goes wrong	Initiation	6-12 months
320	4	Interaction	Communicate with a member of staff by taking turns when engaged in conversation	Realisation	6-12 months
321	4	Interaction	Imitate specific sounds with some accuracy when communicating with a member of staff	Realisation	6-12 months
322	4	Interaction	Recite their name to another person when greeting them	Realisation	6-12 months
323	4	Interaction	Communicate with a member of staff through symbolic sounds/noises, e.g. laughter	Realisation	6-12 months
324	4	Interaction	Communicate with a member of staff by greeting them verbally or physically	Realisation	6-12 months
325	4	Interaction	Imitate the actions of others during interactive play	Realisation	6-12 months
326	4	Interaction	Imitate the sounds of others during interactive play	Realisation	6-12 months
327	4	Interaction	Initiate communication with a member of staff using gestures	Initiation	6-12 months
328	4	Interaction	Respond to the words 'You', 'Yours', 'Me', and 'Mine' appropriately	Realisation	6-12 months
329	4	Interaction	Engage with a member of staff intentionally when they are working coactively	Realisation	6-12 months
330	4	Interaction	Gesture to a familiar person or object consistently when they come into range	Realisation	6-12 months
331	5	Interaction	Babble and use single words during play	Initiation	12-21 months
332	5	Interaction	Begin to vocally demonstrate the tone and rhythm of the language spoken at home	Realisation	12-21 months
333	5	Interaction	Begin words with a range of consonant sounds when communicating	Realisation	12-21 months
334	5	Interaction	Change pitch indiscriminately whilst babbling to themselves or others	Initiation	12-21 months
335	5	Interaction	Change volume indiscriminately whilst babbling to themselves or others	Initiation	12-21 months
336	5	Interaction	Say a few words, signs or symbols understood by familiar adults	Realisation	12-21 months
337	5	Interaction	Communicate with a vocabulary of 5 words, signs, or symbols	Realisation	12-21 months
338	5	Interaction	Communicate 10 single words using signs (not always clearly or accurately) when working with an adult	Realisation	12-21 months
339	5	Interaction	Communicate 10 single words using photos (not always clearly or accurately) when working with an adult	Realisation	12-21 months
340	5	Interaction	Communicate 10 single words verbally (not always clearly or accurately) when working with an adult	Realisation	12-21 months
341	5	Interaction	Gaze from one speaker to another	Exploration	12-21 months
342	5	Interaction	Imitate gestures or signs that a member of staff often uses	Realisation	12-21 months
343	5	Interaction	Imitate words, signs, or symbols of 5 objects	Realisation	12-21 months
344	5	Interaction	Imitate words, signs, or symbols of 10 objects	Realisation	12-21 months
345	5	Interaction	Imitate words, signs, or symbols of 20 objects	Realisation	12-21 months
346	5	Interaction	Imitate words, signs, or symbols of 30 words	Realisation	12-21 months
347	5	Interaction	Imitate words, signs, or symbols of 50 words	Realisation	12-21 months
348	5	Interaction	Seek recognition by means of eye contact when their name is mentioned	Realisation	12-21 months
349	5	Interaction	Take part in a ‘conversation’ with a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
350	5	Interaction	Understand 10 spoken words, signs, or symbols	Realisation	12-21 months
351	5	Interaction	Understand 20 spoken words, signs, or symbols	Realisation	12-21 months
352	5	Interaction	Understand 30 spoken words, signs, or symbols	Realisation	12-21 months
353	5	Interaction	Understand 50 spoken words, signs, or symbols	Realisation	12-21 months
354	5	Interaction	Understand a wide range of single words and some two-word phrases in familiar contexts, e.g. ‘give me’, ‘shoe on’	Realisation	12-21 months
355	5	Interaction	Answer yes/no questions using gestures or facial expressions when working with a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
356	5	Interaction	Answer yes/no questions using rough signs or single words when working with a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
357	5	Interaction	Answer yes/no questions using symbols when working with a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
358	5	Interaction	Ask questions using gestures or facial expressions when working with a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
359	5	Interaction	Ask questions using rough signs or single words when working with a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
360	5	Interaction	Ask questions using symbols when working with a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
361	5	Interaction	Copy 10-20 words immediately (echoing)	Realisation	12-21 months
362	5	Interaction	Create their own words (jargon) when communicating with others	Realisation	12-21 months
363	5	Interaction	Demonstrate an interest in words through facial expressions when members of staff talk to them	Exploration	12-21 months
364	5	Interaction	Greet familiar people with consistent responses when contact is initiated by themselves	Realisation	12-21 months
365	5	Interaction	Look at the person talking to them	Exploration	12-21 months
366	5	Interaction	Look for a member of staff's reaction in an unfamiliar situation	Realisation	12-21 months
367	5	Interaction	Offer an object to a member of staff on their own initiative	Realisation	12-21 months
368	5	Interaction	Offer an object to a peer on their own initiative	Realisation	12-21 months
369	5	Interaction	Persist when trying to communicate	Persistence	12-21 months
370	5	Interaction	Repeat a known phrase (delayed echolalia) to initiate interaction or request	Realisation	12-21 months
371	5	Interaction	Copy gestures and words from members of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
372	5	Interaction	Imitate new words, signs, or symbols	Realisation	12-21 months
373	5	Interaction	Attempt to use sound/sign/symbol to imitate an animal	Realisation	12-21 months
374	5	Interaction	Greet familiar people with consistent responses when contact is initiated by a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
375	5	Interaction	Greet familiar peers when asked to	Realisation	12-21 months
376	5	Interaction	Communicate 'Hello' using words, signs, or symbols	Realisation	12-21 months
377	5	Interaction	Say 'Bye-bye' to familiar people with consistent responses when the situation is appropriate	Realisation	12-21 months
378	5	Interaction	Communicate 'Yes' and 'No' using words, signs, or symbols appropriately	Realisation	12-21 months
379	5	Interaction	Create long babbling sentences	Initiation	12-21 months
380	5	Interaction	Communicate with peers using words, gestures, or symbols	Realisation	12-21 months
381	5	Interaction	Give familiar people a name	Realisation	12-21 months
382	5	Interaction	Momentarily maintain silence when another is talking	Persistence	12-21 months
383	5	Interaction	Play give-and-take games with little support	Persistence	12-21 months
384	6	Interaction	Listen to talk addressed to them, but finds it difficult if prompts are not provided, e.g. use of name, ‘stop and listen’	Persistence	21-36 months
385	6	Interaction	Listen to talk with interest but becomes easily distracted	Persistence	21-36 months
386	6	Interaction	Listen to others talking without interruption in a structured adult led activity, for short periods of time	Persistence	21-36 months
387	6	Interaction	Listen to a member of staff who is offering a choice	Exploration	21-36 months
388	6	Interaction	Listen in staff-led discussion	Exploration	21-36 months
389	6	Interaction	Orientate their body towards a member of staff's voice	Exploration	21-36 months
390	6	Interaction	Ask a simple 'Why ... ?' question	Initiation	21-36 months
391	6	Interaction	Ask a simple 'What ... ?' question	Initiation	21-36 months
392	6	Interaction	Ask a simple 'Who … ?' question	Initiation	21-36 months
393	6	Interaction	Ask a simple 'Where … ?' question	Initiation	21-36 months
394	6	Interaction	Ask questions about a new or unfamiliar object	Initiation	21-36 months
395	6	Interaction	Answer a simple 'Where is [+noun]?' question	Realisation	21-36 months
396	6	Interaction	Answer 'Who?', 'What?' or 'Where?' questions	Realisation	21-36 months
397	6	Interaction	Ask for specific help to locate a person or object	Realisation	21-36 months
398	6	Interaction	Ask for specific help with work-related problem	Realisation	21-36 months
399	6	Interaction	Ask questions, raising intonation at the end of the sentence or phrase	Initiation	21-36 months
400	6	Interaction	Carry on a simple two-way conversation	Realisation	21-36 months
401	6	Interaction	Give eye contact when spoken to	Exploration	21-36 months
402	6	Interaction	Communicate clearly 50% of the time	Realisation	21-36 months
403	6	Interaction	Communicate clearly 80% of the time	Realisation	21-36 months
404	6	Interaction	Communicate in a manner that can be understood by a familiar person	Realisation	21-36 months
405	6	Interaction	Communicate in a manner that can be understood by an unfamiliar person	Realisation	21-36 months
406	6	Interaction	Communicate 'Please' and 'Thanks' or 'Ta' when reminded using words, signs or symbols	Realisation	21-36 months
407	6	Interaction	Communicate possession through the use of the terms 'yours' and 'mine'	Realisation	21-36 months
408	6	Interaction	Communicate 'Sorry' when reminded using words, signs, or symbols	Realisation	21-36 months
409	6	Interaction	Interact using simple pronouns, e.g. "Me", "You", "Him" and "Her"	Realisation	21-36 months
410	6	Interaction	Begin to use some plurals, e.g. “cars”	Realisation	21-36 months
411	6	Interaction	Express simple prepositions correctly	Realisation	21-36 months
412	6	Interaction	Communicate with known and unknown people in a range of settings	Realisation	21-36 months
413	6	Interaction	Complete simple actions that have been requested, e.g. stand up	Realisation	21-36 months
414	6	Interaction	Follow one-step instructions containing two key words, e.g. hold the book	Realisation	21-36 months
415	6	Interaction	Follow instructions containing an adjective, e.g. give the big box to Tom	Realisation	21-36 months
416	6	Interaction	Follow instructions containing three key words including two adjectives and a noun, e.g. 'little red book'	Realisation	21-36 months
417	6	Interaction	Follow two-step instructions, e.g. get your cup, and bring it here	Realisation	21-36 months
418	6	Interaction	Follow instructions containing three key words including a verb, adjective and noun, e.g. run to the big swing	Realisation	21-36 months
419	6	Interaction	Make it clear they need more information or clarification	Realisation	21-36 months
420	6	Interaction	Remain quiet whilst a member of staff gives instruction	Persistence	21-36 months
421	6	Interaction	Repeat short, simple, and repetitive rhymes	Realisation	21-36 months
422	6	Interaction	Respond simply to a peer's suggestion	Realisation	21-36 months
423	6	Interaction	Respond to questions about familiar events	Realisation	21-36 months
424	6	Interaction	Respond to questions about immediate experiences	Realisation	21-36 months
425	6	Interaction	Include intonation, pitch and changing volume when ‘talking’	Initiation	21-36 months
426	6	Interaction	Use facial expression when speaking	Realisation	21-36 months
427	6	Interaction	Attend to a member of staff when their own name is called	Exploration	21-36 months
428	6	Interaction	Communicate two words, signs, or symbols together	Realisation	21-36 months
429	6	Interaction	Copy a new word or short phrase they enjoyed hearing, e.g. containing alliteration	Realisation	21-36 months
430	6	Interaction	Use expression when speaking	Realisation	21-36 months
431	6	Interaction	Combine two words, signs, or symbols	Realisation	21-36 months
432	6	Interaction	Repeat a phrase when misunderstood	Persistence	21-36 months
433	6	Interaction	Take part in a simple staff-led discussion in which they can express their views	Persistence	21-36 months
434	6	Interaction	Copy new words, repeating them over and over	Persistence	21-36 months
435	6	Interaction	Decrease jargon speech and increase meaningful vocabulary to 50–300 words	Realisation	21-36 months
436	6	Interaction	Communicate two-word combinations to create an adjective–noun (subject) sentence structure, e.g. 'big Daddy', 'red book', etc.	Realisation	21-36 months
437	6	Interaction	Want to share what they have found out	Initiation	21-36 months
438	6	Interaction	Communicate about drawings and paintings	Realisation	21-36 months
439	6	Interaction	Complete a familiar phrase when a member of staff communicates part of it	Realisation	21-36 months
440	6	Interaction	Add word to a peer's description	Realisation	21-36 months
441	6	Interaction	Achieve their goal with the help of another person	Persistence	21-36 months
442	6	Interaction	Start talking about themselves	Realisation	21-36 months
443	6	Interaction	Play for a short time with peers and siblings	Persistence	21-36 months
444	6	Interaction	Take their turn in a staff-led group game	Persistence	21-36 months
445	6	Interaction	Take turns in a small group	Persistence	21-36 months
446	6	Interaction	Take turns with a partner	Persistence	21-36 months
447	6	Interaction	Use names of members of staff or their own family	Realisation	21-36 months
448	6	Interaction	Give a simple two-word answer when imagining 'what might happen if?’	Realisation	21-36 months
449	6	Interaction	Communicate prepared words in presentation or performance when prompted	Realisation	21-36 months
450	6	Interaction	Participate in presentations or performances with some prompting but delivery is clear (words, signs, or symbols)	Realisation	21-36 months
451	6	Interaction	Wait their turn when lining up	Persistence	21-36 months
452	1	Fine Motor Skills	Play with their mouth muscles by smiling without any external stimulation	Exploration	0-3 months
453	1	Fine Motor Skills	Move tongue in and out	Exploration	0-3 months
454	1	Fine Motor Skills	Move tongue up and down	Exploration	0-3 months
455	1	Fine Motor Skills	Suck and swallow liquids	Realisation	0-3 months
456	1	Fine Motor Skills	Co-ordinate sucking, swallowing and breathing, e.g. drink without coughing or choking	Realisation	0-3 months
457	1	Fine Motor Skills	Accept their fingers being moved in different motions	Realisation	0-3 months
458	2	Fine Motor Skills	Demonstrate upgaze	Exploration	0-3 months
459	2	Fine Motor Skills	Demonstrate downgaze	Exploration	0-3 months
460	2	Fine Motor Skills	Show in and out tongue movements	Exploration	0-3 months
461	2	Fine Motor Skills	Move their tongue against their cheek	Exploration	0-3 months
462	2	Fine Motor Skills	Swallow semi solid food	Realisation	0-3 months
463	2	Fine Motor Skills	Demonstrate a gag reflex, e.g. their tongue propels an object from the back of the mouth to the front	Realisation	0-3 months
464	2	Fine Motor Skills	Open and shut their hand	Exploration	0-3 months
465	2	Fine Motor Skills	Hold a small object in their hand (without the thumb tucked in hand)	Exploration	0-3 months
466	3	Fine Motor Skills	Attempt to transfer food from one hand to another when eating	Exploration	3-6 months
467	3	Fine Motor Skills	Hold objects with either hand using a palmar grasp	Exploration	3-6 months
468	3	Fine Motor Skills	Hold objects with either hand using a palmar grasp when engaging in exploration	Exploration	3-6 months
469	3	Fine Motor Skills	Transfer from one hand to another using a palmar grasp when engaging in exploration	Exploration	3-6 months
470	3	Fine Motor Skills	Move tongue and jaw together as a unit when eating	Exploration	3-6 months
471	3	Fine Motor Skills	Transfer food from side to side of their mouth	Exploration	3-6 months
472	4	Fine Motor Skills	Babble using long strings of repeated consonant-vowel combinations (reduplicative babble) e.g. 'mumumum', etc.	Initiation	6-12 months
473	4	Fine Motor Skills	Demonstrate growing eye and hand function, e.g. focuses on, reaches for and grasps objects	Exploration	6-12 months
474	4	Fine Motor Skills	Demonstrate growing hand-to-hand coordination, e.g. clapping, passing a cup from one hand to the other	Exploration	6-12 months
475	4	Fine Motor Skills	Manipulate materials in increasingly complex ways when given intricate objects, e.g. turns penny-sized dials, pushes penny-sized buttons	Exploration	6-12 months
476	4	Fine Motor Skills	Chew more lumpy food, keeping most in their mouths	Realisation	6-12 months
477	4	Fine Motor Skills	Chew soft foods before swallowing when being fed	Realisation	6-12 months
478	4	Fine Motor Skills	Keep most food in their mouth when eating	Realisation	6-12 months
479	4	Fine Motor Skills	Co-ordinate mouth movements, e.g. sucking, biting, and up and down munching	Realisation	6-12 months
480	4	Fine Motor Skills	Demonstrate a less sensitive gag reflex	Realisation	6-12 months
481	4	Fine Motor Skills	Hold a spoon in the palm of their hand whilst eating	Realisation	6-12 months
482	4	Fine Motor Skills	Pass an object with their hands when they have been prompted by a member of staff	Realisation	6-12 months
483	4	Fine Motor Skills	Pick up small objects securely with a pincer grip	Realisation	6-12 months
484	4	Fine Motor Skills	Release objects by dropping them when their interest has diminished	Realisation	6-12 months
485	5	Fine Motor Skills	Post objects through holes when playing	Exploration	12-21 months
486	5	Fine Motor Skills	Press buttons	Exploration	12-21 months
487	5	Fine Motor Skills	Put large pegs into a peg board	Realisation	12-21 months
488	5	Fine Motor Skills	Place round pegs in holes	Realisation	12-21 months
489	5	Fine Motor Skills	Put lids on boxes	Realisation	12-21 months
490	5	Fine Motor Skills	Remove an object from under a cloth	Realisation	12-21 months
491	5	Fine Motor Skills	Stretch, tear and squash dough into rough shapes	Exploration	12-21 months
492	5	Fine Motor Skills	Put items into containers when playing	Exploration	12-21 months
493	5	Fine Motor Skills	Take items out of containers when playing	Exploration	12-21 months
494	5	Fine Motor Skills	Take lids off containers when playing	Exploration	12-21 months
495	5	Fine Motor Skills	Fill a container	Exploration	12-21 months
496	5	Fine Motor Skills	Turn a screw toy clockwise	Exploration	12-21 months
497	5	Fine Motor Skills	Turn a screw toy anticlockwise	Exploration	12-21 months
498	5	Fine Motor Skills	Manipulate objects to make them move in different directions	Exploration	12-21 months
499	5	Fine Motor Skills	Pick up two blocks with one hand when playing	Exploration	12-21 months
500	5	Fine Motor Skills	Hold objects in their hands	Exploration	12-21 months
501	5	Fine Motor Skills	Make marks with either hand	Exploration	12-21 months
502	5	Fine Motor Skills	Show preference for one hand	Exploration	12-21 months
503	5	Fine Motor Skills	Begin to use a tripod grasp	Exploration	12-21 months
504	5	Fine Motor Skills	Slide blocks	Exploration	12-21 months
505	5	Fine Motor Skills	Stack cups with assistance	Exploration	12-21 months
506	5	Fine Motor Skills	Feed themselves with a spoon with a little spillage	Realisation	12-21 months
507	5	Fine Motor Skills	Stir a bowl with a spoon when mixing items	Realisation	12-21 months
508	5	Fine Motor Skills	Drink through a straw	Realisation	12-21 months
509	5	Fine Motor Skills	Drink without spillage	Realisation	12-21 months
510	5	Fine Motor Skills	Feed themselves by picking up food with their fingers when it has been broken into small pieces	Realisation	12-21 months
511	6	Fine Motor Skills	Blow bubbles in water	Exploration	21-36 months
512	6	Fine Motor Skills	Drink from a cup	Realisation	21-36 months
513	6	Fine Motor Skills	Manipulate a dial	Realisation	21-36 months
514	6	Fine Motor Skills	Build a tower of seven bricks	Exploration	21-36 months
515	6	Fine Motor Skills	Demonstrate good pencil control	Realisation	21-36 months
516	6	Fine Motor Skills	Scribble in circles	Exploration	21-36 months
517	6	Fine Motor Skills	Copy a circle	Realisation	21-36 months
518	6	Fine Motor Skills	Imitate drawing circles and horizontal and vertical lines	Realisation	21-36 months
519	6	Fine Motor Skills	Unwrap a small object	Realisation	21-36 months
520	6	Fine Motor Skills	Snip with scissors	Realisation	21-36 months
521	6	Fine Motor Skills	Produce a single bounce of a ball	Exploration	21-36 months
522	6	Fine Motor Skills	Put large round pegs into peg board	Realisation	21-36 months
523	6	Fine Motor Skills	Put rings on a stacker	Realisation	21-36 months
524	6	Fine Motor Skills	Release an object to pass to another person	Realisation	21-36 months
525	6	Fine Motor Skills	Screw and unscrew jar lids	Exploration	21-36 months
526	6	Fine Motor Skills	Take the lid off to find an object placed in a container	Realisation	21-36 months
527	6	Fine Motor Skills	Thread three large beads onto a string	Realisation	21-36 months
528	6	Fine Motor Skills	Scoop with a fork	Realisation	21-36 months
529	6	Fine Motor Skills	Stab with a fork	Realisation	21-36 months
530	6	Fine Motor Skills	Attempt to serve themselves at the table, with spills	Realisation	21-36 months
531	6	Fine Motor Skills	Draw a roughly straight line	Realisation	21-36 months
532	6	Fine Motor Skills	Hold an object with a tripod grip	Realisation	21-36 months
533	6	Fine Motor Skills	Put the lid on a container	Realisation	21-36 months
534	6	Fine Motor Skills	Remove clothes that are unfastened	Realisation	21-36 months
535	6	Fine Motor Skills	Turn a screw toy to the right	Exploration	21-36 months
536	6	Fine Motor Skills	Turn doorknobs	Exploration	21-36 months
537	6	Fine Motor Skills	Brush their teeth thoroughly only with supervision	Realisation	21-36 months
538	6	Fine Motor Skills	Flush the toilet	Realisation	21-36 months
539	6	Fine Motor Skills	Throw a bean bag into a box	Realisation	21-36 months
540	6	Fine Motor Skills	Bounce a small ball once	Realisation	21-36 months
541	6	Fine Motor Skills	Control both hands simultaneously	Exploration	21-36 months
542	6	Fine Motor Skills	Chew and swallow a variety of textures	Realisation	21-36 months
543	6	Fine Motor Skills	Roll a rough ball in malleable material	Realisation	21-36 months
544	6	Fine Motor Skills	Squeeze a ball, dough, etc.	Realisation	21-36 months
545	6	Fine Motor Skills	Turn a screw toy to the left	Exploration	21-36 months
546	1	Gross Motor Skills	Clap with hand-over-hand help	Realisation	0-3 months
547	1	Gross Motor Skills	Clench hands into tight fists	Realisation	0-3 months
548	1	Gross Motor Skills	Move their arms in a jerky manner	Exploration	0-3 months
549	1	Gross Motor Skills	Move their legs in a jerky manner	Exploration	0-3 months
550	1	Gross Motor Skills	Accept their legs being moved, e.g. in a circular motion	Realisation	0-3 months
551	1	Gross Motor Skills	Accept their arms being moved in different motions	Realisation	0-3 months
552	1	Gross Motor Skills	Accept being rolled from their back to tummy and tummy to back	Realisation	0-3 months
553	1	Gross Motor Skills	Accept laying on their tummy	Realisation	0-3 months
554	1	Gross Motor Skills	Accept being lifted up and down	Realisation	0-3 months
555	2	Gross Motor Skills	Lift and turn their head when laying on their front	Exploration	0-3 months
556	2	Gross Motor Skills	Turn their head from side to side	Exploration	0-3 months
557	2	Gross Motor Skills	Demonstrate some head control when sitting	Exploration	0-3 months
558	2	Gross Motor Skills	Hold their neck steady when held sitting	Exploration	0-3 months
559	2	Gross Motor Skills	Bring their hands together at midline when moving their hands and arms	Exploration	0-3 months
560	2	Gross Motor Skills	Stretch their legs out when lying on their stomach or back	Exploration	0-3 months
561	2	Gross Motor Skills	Pull their legs into a bent position when laying	Exploration	0-3 months
562	2	Gross Motor Skills	Move their arms independently of one another when self-stimulating	Exploration	0-3 months
563	2	Gross Motor Skills	Move their legs independently of one another when self-stimulating	Exploration	0-3 months
564	3	Gross Motor Skills	Grab their feet by lifting their legs up when lying on their back	Exploration	3-6 months
565	3	Gross Motor Skills	Hold large objects in two hands during periods of play	Exploration	3-6 months
566	3	Gross Motor Skills	Hold large objects in two hands when working with a member of staff	Exploration	3-6 months
567	3	Gross Motor Skills	Sit up with support when eating	Realisation	3-6 months
568	3	Gross Motor Skills	Sit without support when eating	Realisation	3-6 months
569	3	Gross Motor Skills	Maintain the equilibrium of their body posture during immobility	Realisation	3-6 months
570	3	Gross Motor Skills	Hold their head steady when eating	Realisation	3-6 months
571	3	Gross Motor Skills	Kick their legs, stretching them out while lying on their stomach or back	Exploration	3-6 months
572	3	Gross Motor Skills	Maintain the equilibrium of their head during immobility, e.g. keeps their head stable on their neck	Realisation	3-6 months
573	3	Gross Motor Skills	Push down through their legs when their feet are on a firm surface	Exploration	3-6 months
574	3	Gross Motor Skills	Watch their own hands as they move towards an object	Exploration	3-6 months
575	3	Gross Motor Skills	Maintain the equilibrium of their body posture during movement	Realisation	3-6 months
576	3	Gross Motor Skills	Maintain the equilibrium of their head during movement, e.g. keeps their head stable on their neck	Realisation	3-6 months
577	3	Gross Motor Skills	Roll from prone to supine position unaided (stomach to back)	Realisation	3-6 months
578	3	Gross Motor Skills	Roll from supine to prone position unaided (back to stomach)	Realisation	3-6 months
579	4	Gross Motor Skills	Assume a hands and knees position, rocking forwards and backwards when exploring the environment	Exploration	6-12 months
580	4	Gross Motor Skills	Climb up furniture tentatively when left to explore	Exploration	6-12 months
581	4	Gross Motor Skills	Crawl towards a member of staff when being encouraged	Persistence	6-12 months
582	4	Gross Motor Skills	Move a ball with their arm when it is given to them	Exploration	6-12 months
583	4	Gross Motor Skills	Move a ball with their foot when it is placed in front of them	Exploration	6-12 months
584	4	Gross Motor Skills	Pull on furniture to stand up whilst left to explore	Exploration	6-12 months
585	4	Gross Motor Skills	Shuffle around the room on their bottom whilst left to explore	Exploration	6-12 months
586	4	Gross Motor Skills	Stand up independently when interested in their environment	Exploration	6-12 months
587	4	Gross Motor Skills	Take three steps without support when trying to reach an object/person	Exploration	6-12 months
588	4	Gross Motor Skills	Take five steps without support when trying to reach an object/person	Exploration	6-12 months
589	4	Gross Motor Skills	Imitate hand-clapping with little support when clapping in a group	Realisation	6-12 months
590	4	Gross Motor Skills	Use a preferred hand when exploring objects	Exploration	6-12 months
591	4	Gross Motor Skills	Catch themselves by grabbing people or furniture when they lose balance	Realisation	6-12 months
592	4	Gross Motor Skills	Drink from a cup with a lid	Realisation	6-12 months
593	4	Gross Motor Skills	Move from sitting to lying down without support when exploring the environment	Exploration	6-12 months
594	4	Gross Motor Skills	Pick objects off the floor when holding furniture for support	Realisation	6-12 months
595	4	Gross Motor Skills	Walk around the room whilst holding on to a member of staff with one hand	Exploration	6-12 months
596	4	Gross Motor Skills	Bounce up and down in a standing position when supported by a member of staff	Exploration	6-12 months
597	4	Gross Motor Skills	Copy simple actions using their upper body	Realisation	6-12 months
598	4	Gross Motor Skills	Cruise around the room holding on to furniture whilst left to explore	Exploration	6-12 months
599	4	Gross Motor Skills	Stand alone momentarily after rising to their feet	Exploration	6-12 months
600	5	Gross Motor Skills	Pick up and shake objects	Exploration	12-21 months
601	5	Gross Motor Skills	Clap hands with others	Realisation	12-21 months
602	5	Gross Motor Skills	Bang objects together when playing	Exploration	12-21 months
603	5	Gross Motor Skills	Attempt to put on their socks	Realisation	12-21 months
604	5	Gross Motor Skills	Hammer pegs	Realisation	12-21 months
605	5	Gross Motor Skills	Open drawers	Realisation	12-21 months
606	5	Gross Motor Skills	Operate a pull-cord	Realisation	12-21 months
607	5	Gross Motor Skills	Pick a toy off the floor without falling over	Realisation	12-21 months
608	5	Gross Motor Skills	Show some awareness of obstacles	Realisation	12-21 months
609	5	Gross Motor Skills	Brush their teeth with help	Realisation	12-21 months
610	5	Gross Motor Skills	Close drawers	Realisation	12-21 months
611	5	Gross Motor Skills	Take off their unfastened trousers	Realisation	12-21 months
612	5	Gross Motor Skills	Hold a cup with two hands when drinking	Realisation	12-21 months
613	5	Gross Motor Skills	Throw objects haphazardly	Realisation	12-21 months
614	5	Gross Motor Skills	Roll a ball in general direction of an object or person	Exploration	12-21 months
615	5	Gross Motor Skills	Push a ball independently	Exploration	12-21 months
616	5	Gross Motor Skills	Throw a ball underhand	Exploration	12-21 months
617	5	Gross Motor Skills	Kick a ball to make it move	Exploration	12-21 months
618	5	Gross Motor Skills	Chase a ball	Exploration	12-21 months
619	5	Gross Motor Skills	Play sending and receiving ball games with a member of staff	Persistence	12-21 months
620	5	Gross Motor Skills	Climb on and off chairs and furniture	Exploration	12-21 months
621	5	Gross Motor Skills	Climb on and off low equipment	Exploration	12-21 months
622	5	Gross Motor Skills	Go down into a squat	Exploration	12-21 months
623	5	Gross Motor Skills	Kneel unaided	Exploration	12-21 months
624	5	Gross Motor Skills	Kneel with support	Exploration	12-21 months
625	5	Gross Motor Skills	Lower themselves to their knees whilst unaided	Exploration	12-21 months
626	5	Gross Motor Skills	Squat to pick up an object securely	Realisation	12-21 months
627	5	Gross Motor Skills	Rise from a squat using hands	Realisation	12-21 months
628	5	Gross Motor Skills	Bend at the waist to pick up objects without falling	Realisation	12-21 months
629	5	Gross Motor Skills	Back into a chair	Realisation	12-21 months
630	5	Gross Motor Skills	Slide sideways on to a chair	Realisation	12-21 months
631	5	Gross Motor Skills	Stand briefly on one foot	Realisation	12-21 months
632	5	Gross Motor Skills	Stand still at points	Realisation	12-21 months
633	5	Gross Motor Skills	Step sideways	Realisation	12-21 months
634	5	Gross Motor Skills	Crawl up a set of stairs forwards whilst unaided	Persistence	12-21 months
635	5	Gross Motor Skills	Crawl down a set of stairs backwards whilst unaided	Persistence	12-21 months
636	5	Gross Motor Skills	Step up and down stairs with handheld support	Persistence	12-21 months
637	5	Gross Motor Skills	Get up and down stairs by holding onto the rail	Persistence	12-21 months
638	5	Gross Motor Skills	Jump from low equipment	Exploration	12-21 months
639	5	Gross Motor Skills	Jump using two feet together	Exploration	12-21 months
640	5	Gross Motor Skills	Jump up and down in the water with support	Exploration	12-21 months
641	5	Gross Motor Skills	Participate in simple swim games	Persistence	12-21 months
642	5	Gross Motor Skills	Use their body parts to splash water	Exploration	12-21 months
643	5	Gross Motor Skills	Use their arms to pull and push water	Exploration	12-21 months
644	5	Gross Motor Skills	Use ride-on toys	Exploration	12-21 months
645	5	Gross Motor Skills	Wipe their face with a towel	Realisation	12-21 months
646	5	Gross Motor Skills	Wipe their hands with a towel	Realisation	12-21 months
647	5	Gross Motor Skills	Move along paths	Exploration	12-21 months
648	5	Gross Motor Skills	Walk in the desired direction	Exploration	12-21 months
649	5	Gross Motor Skills	Walk with their hands and arms lowered	Exploration	12-21 months
650	5	Gross Motor Skills	Walk around an area independently when playing	Exploration	12-21 months
651	5	Gross Motor Skills	Walk independently	Exploration	12-21 months
652	5	Gross Motor Skills	Walk with their feet apart	Exploration	12-21 months
653	5	Gross Motor Skills	Run unsteadily with their head midline and their eyes on ground	Exploration	12-21 months
654	5	Gross Motor Skills	Push pedals when put on a tricycle	Realisation	12-21 months
655	6	Gross Motor Skills	Stand on their tiptoes	Realisation	21-36 months
656	6	Gross Motor Skills	Balance on each foot for three seconds	Realisation	21-36 months
657	6	Gross Motor Skills	Move freely and confidently	Exploration	21-36 months
658	6	Gross Motor Skills	Attempt to walk along a line	Exploration	21-36 months
659	6	Gross Motor Skills	Begin to pedal a tricycle and propel ride-on toys	Realisation	21-36 months
660	6	Gross Motor Skills	Catch a bounced ball with some consistency	Realisation	21-36 months
661	6	Gross Motor Skills	Climb over objects	Exploration	21-36 months
662	6	Gross Motor Skills	Differentiate between ways of sending a ball, e.g. throw/kick	Exploration	21-36 months
663	6	Gross Motor Skills	Drop a ball to watch it bounce	Exploration	21-36 months
664	6	Gross Motor Skills	Explore different movements	Exploration	21-36 months
665	6	Gross Motor Skills	Move a ball along a simple course	Exploration	21-36 months
666	6	Gross Motor Skills	Move towards an object independently in the water	Exploration	21-36 months
667	6	Gross Motor Skills	Roll a ball to knock down objects	Realisation	21-36 months
668	6	Gross Motor Skills	Steer wheeled objects with confidence	Exploration	21-36 months
669	6	Gross Motor Skills	Put on their clothes with help	Realisation	21-36 months
670	6	Gross Motor Skills	Put their arm in sleeve without assistance	Realisation	21-36 months
671	6	Gross Motor Skills	Stop a ball rolled towards them when sitting	Realisation	21-36 months
672	6	Gross Motor Skills	Walk along a wide bench with assistance	Exploration	21-36 months
673	6	Gross Motor Skills	Climb a small climbing frame	Exploration	21-36 months
674	6	Gross Motor Skills	Go down stairs with hand support on the railing	Persistence	21-36 months
675	6	Gross Motor Skills	Hold the side of the pool and bob up and down, getting their face wet	Exploration	21-36 months
676	6	Gross Motor Skills	Jump forwards 10 centimetres or more	Exploration	21-36 months
677	6	Gross Motor Skills	Move their hands in opposite directions	Realisation	21-36 months
678	6	Gross Motor Skills	Open door	Realisation	21-36 months
679	6	Gross Motor Skills	Pull their pants up and down	Realisation	21-36 months
680	6	Gross Motor Skills	Run and stop suddenly without falling	Realisation	21-36 months
681	6	Gross Motor Skills	Run independently	Exploration	21-36 months
682	6	Gross Motor Skills	Run on their toes	Realisation	21-36 months
683	6	Gross Motor Skills	Stand on one foot for a few seconds	Realisation	21-36 months
684	6	Gross Motor Skills	Stop and start running in control	Realisation	21-36 months
685	6	Gross Motor Skills	Turn through 360° on the spot	Realisation	21-36 months
686	6	Gross Motor Skills	Walk backwards	Exploration	21-36 months
687	6	Gross Motor Skills	Pull an object whilst walking backwards	Realisation	21-36 months
688	6	Gross Motor Skills	Carry a large object using handles	Realisation	21-36 months
689	6	Gross Motor Skills	Carry large objects or pull objects while walking	Realisation	21-36 months
690	6	Gross Motor Skills	Catch a large ball to their chest from 1 metre	Realisation	21-36 months
691	6	Gross Motor Skills	Climb on and off objects	Exploration	21-36 months
692	6	Gross Motor Skills	Jump backwards with feet together	Exploration	21-36 months
693	6	Gross Motor Skills	Jump forwards with feet together	Exploration	21-36 months
694	6	Gross Motor Skills	Jump off a step	Exploration	21-36 months
695	6	Gross Motor Skills	Jump over a 5 cm high hurdle or obstacle	Exploration	21-36 months
696	6	Gross Motor Skills	Jump over an obstacle whilst running	Exploration	21-36 months
697	6	Gross Motor Skills	Jump sideways with feet together	Exploration	21-36 months
698	6	Gross Motor Skills	Jump up and down on the spot with feet together	Exploration	21-36 months
699	6	Gross Motor Skills	Kick a ball but lacks direction	Realisation	21-36 months
700	6	Gross Motor Skills	Kick a ball without loss of balance	Realisation	21-36 months
701	6	Gross Motor Skills	Kick their legs or splash in a pool for pleasure	Exploration	21-36 months
702	6	Gross Motor Skills	Kick their legs on their front or back in the pool	Exploration	21-36 months
703	6	Gross Motor Skills	Propel themselves around the pool	Exploration	21-36 months
704	6	Gross Motor Skills	Pick objects off the floor without losing balance	Realisation	21-36 months
705	6	Gross Motor Skills	Splash water using different parts of the body	Exploration	21-36 months
706	6	Gross Motor Skills	Float on their back in water using a swimming aid	Realisation	21-36 months
707	6	Gross Motor Skills	Move across the pool with support from a member of staff	Persistence	21-36 months
708	6	Gross Motor Skills	Steer wheeled toy between two lines	Exploration	21-36 months
709	6	Gross Motor Skills	Put on their own socks, not always correctly	Realisation	21-36 months
710	6	Gross Motor Skills	Put on their shoes	Realisation	21-36 months
711	6	Gross Motor Skills	Run freely, avoiding large obstacles	Exploration	21-36 months
712	6	Gross Motor Skills	Squat and rise without using hands	Realisation	21-36 months
713	6	Gross Motor Skills	Swing their foot at a moving ball	Realisation	21-36 months
714	6	Gross Motor Skills	Swing their foot at a stationary ball	Realisation	21-36 months
715	6	Gross Motor Skills	Hit a stationary ball with a bat, racquet or similar	Realisation	21-36 months
716	6	Gross Motor Skills	Wash themselves in bath	Realisation	21-36 months
717	6	Gross Motor Skills	Dry their hands and face with a towel	Realisation	21-36 months
718	6	Gross Motor Skills	Receive a ball rolling towards them	Realisation	21-36 months
719	6	Gross Motor Skills	Run in a straight line	Exploration	21-36 months
720	6	Gross Motor Skills	Select and implement arm movements when dancing	Exploration	21-36 months
721	6	Gross Motor Skills	Throw an object, e.g. ball/bean bag without direction	Realisation	21-36 months
722	6	Gross Motor Skills	Turn a container over deliberately to pour the contents out	Realisation	21-36 months
723	6	Gross Motor Skills	Change their speed of movement	Realisation	21-36 months
724	6	Gross Motor Skills	Crawl through a tunnel	Exploration	21-36 months
725	6	Gross Motor Skills	Creep on their toes	Exploration	21-36 months
726	6	Gross Motor Skills	Hop on one foot although may be unsteady	Exploration	21-36 months
727	6	Gross Motor Skills	Make a sharp turn when running	Realisation	21-36 months
728	6	Gross Motor Skills	Move safely within the space available	Exploration	21-36 months
729	6	Gross Motor Skills	Run with good co-ordination	Exploration	21-36 months
730	6	Gross Motor Skills	Step down a kerb with confidence	Realisation	21-36 months
731	6	Gross Motor Skills	Move downstairs on their bottom	Exploration	21-36 months
732	6	Gross Motor Skills	Walk downstairs using a handrail, two feet per step	Persistence	21-36 months
733	6	Gross Motor Skills	Walk up a set of stairs using a handrail, using alternate feet	Persistence	21-36 months
734	6	Gross Motor Skills	Walk up a set of stairs without using a handrail, two feet to a step	Persistence	21-36 months
735	6	Gross Motor Skills	Walk up and downstairs, alternating feet on each step	Persistence	21-36 months
736	6	Gross Motor Skills	Walk, stop and turn without losing balance	Exploration	21-36 months
737	6	Gross Motor Skills	Wash their hands, with support, after going to the toilet	Realisation	21-36 months
738	6	Gross Motor Skills	Attempt to wipe their own bottom	Realisation	21-36 months
739	6	Gross Motor Skills	Wipe their bottom and put paper down the toilet	Realisation	21-36 months
740	1	Cognition	Blink defensively	Realisation	0-3 months
741	1	Cognition	Co-operate physically during familiar routines	Realisation	0-3 months
742	1	Cognition	Freeze momentarily upon hearing a new sound	Anticipation	0-3 months
743	1	Cognition	Freeze momentarily upon hearing a quiet sound	Anticipation	0-3 months
744	1	Cognition	Move a part of their body incidentally when encountering a sound	Anticipation	0-3 months
745	1	Cognition	Quieten after vocalising when they hear a sound	Realisation	0-3 months
746	1	Cognition	Quieten after vocalising when they hear a voice	Realisation	0-3 months
747	1	Cognition	Show they have had enough food/drink, e.g. turning head away	Realisation	0-3 months
748	2	Cognition	Attend briefly to a change in the classroom environment when it happens within their field of vision	Exploration	0-3 months
749	2	Cognition	Anticipate being fed by opening their mouth when given familiar visual cues	Anticipation	0-3 months
750	2	Cognition	Anticipate being fed by opening their mouth when given familiar auditory cues	Anticipation	0-3 months
751	2	Cognition	Bring given food items to their mouth with hand on hand support	Realisation	0-3 months
752	2	Cognition	Demonstrate a positive reaction to the appearance of food	Realisation	0-3 months
753	2	Cognition	Demonstrate an awareness of familiar faces through an intermittent heightened expressive response when interacting with a familiar person	Realisation	0-3 months
754	2	Cognition	Grasp objects intentionally when they have been placed in their hand by a member of staff	Realisation	0-3 months
755	2	Cognition	Perceive that reflections differ from the surrounding environment through unique reactions when shown a mirror	Realisation	0-3 months
756	2	Cognition	Reach for an object voluntarily with one hand	Exploration	0-3 months
757	2	Cognition	Reach for an object with one hand when objects are within grasp	Exploration	0-3 months
758	2	Cognition	Reach for visually appealing objects in close range	Exploration	0-3 months
759	2	Cognition	React to objects at close range against bright colour contrasts	Exploration	0-3 months
760	2	Cognition	Still to a familiar voice	Realisation	0-3 months
761	2	Cognition	Still to familiar environmental sounds	Realisation	0-3 months
762	2	Cognition	Swipe at an object in their vicinity with the intention to interact with it	Exploration	0-3 months
763	2	Cognition	Reach for an object voluntarily with one hand when playing with another person	Exploration	0-3 months
764	2	Cognition	React to repetition with an intermittent heightened expressive response when involved in familiar routines	Anticipation	0-3 months
765	3	Cognition	Demonstrate a brief interest in objects in their immediate environment when encouraged by a member of staff	Exploration	3-6 months
766	3	Cognition	Explore the uniqueness of self-produced movements when shown a mirror	Exploration	3-6 months
767	3	Cognition	Notice others briefly when alongside them eating	Exploration	3-6 months
768	3	Cognition	React excitedly to an activity when provided with familiar experiences	Anticipation	3-6 months
769	3	Cognition	Participate actively in the feeding process, e.g. opens mouth in anticipation	Realisation	3-6 months
770	3	Cognition	Reach for a desired foodstuff with their hands	Realisation	3-6 months
771	3	Cognition	Reach for a desired object with their hands when objects are just out of reach	Realisation	3-6 months
772	3	Cognition	Reach for a desired object with their hands when provided with a variety of objects	Realisation	3-6 months
773	3	Cognition	React briefly to noise-making objects in their hand, e.g. shakes or looks at rattling object again for a response	Anticipation	3-6 months
774	4	Cognition	Communicate surprise if familiar object fails to complete an action, e.g. make a noise when button is pressed	Realisation	6-12 months
775	4	Cognition	Identify family members by looking or pointing when given a photograph	Realisation	6-12 months
776	4	Cognition	Identify family members by looking or pointing when they are present	Realisation	6-12 months
777	4	Cognition	Interact with a common object briefly when its name is spoken or signed	Realisation	6-12 months
778	4	Cognition	Look at their visual timetable with interest when it is placed in front of them	Exploration	6-12 months
779	4	Cognition	Respond to different environmental sounds appropriately when they are part of familiar routines, e.g. looks at the door when the bell goes	Realisation	6-12 months
780	4	Cognition	Anticipate the results of an action with excited mannerisms when a member of staff undertakes a known activity	Anticipation	6-12 months
781	4	Cognition	Apply a familiar action to a familiar cause-and-effect activity after a previous positive response	Realisation	6-12 months
782	4	Cognition	Apply a new action to a familiar cause-and-effect activity after a previous negative response	Realisation	6-12 months
783	4	Cognition	Apply a familiar action to a new cause-and-effect activity to try and make it work	Realisation	6-12 months
784	4	Cognition	Copy a member of staff building towers of three or four blocks when playing with bricks	Realisation	6-12 months
785	4	Cognition	Copy a member of staff to knock down towers when playing with bricks	Realisation	6-12 months
786	4	Cognition	Copy simple actions using their facial expressions	Realisation	6-12 months
787	4	Cognition	Explore facial expressions visually when working with others	Exploration	6-12 months
788	4	Cognition	Explore new objects willingly when offered by a familiar member of staff	Exploration	6-12 months
789	4	Cognition	Explore objects by banging them when given appropriate items	Exploration	6-12 months
790	4	Cognition	Explore objects by dropping them when given appropriate items	Exploration	6-12 months
791	4	Cognition	Explore objects by scrunching them when given appropriate items	Exploration	6-12 months
792	4	Cognition	Explore objects by shaking them when given appropriate items	Exploration	6-12 months
793	4	Cognition	Explore objects by sliding them when given appropriate items	Exploration	6-12 months
794	4	Cognition	Explore objects by tearing them when given appropriate items	Exploration	6-12 months
795	4	Cognition	Explore objects by throwing them when given appropriate items	Exploration	6-12 months
796	4	Cognition	Explore objects using a variety of actions when provided with a wide range of items, e.g. squeezes a stress ball, rubs the flour around their tray, pulls skipping rope from an adult, etc.	Exploration	6-12 months
797	4	Cognition	Explore sound-making objects with enjoyment when provided with rattles, bean bags, xylophones, etc.	Exploration	6-12 months
798	4	Cognition	Identify common objects by pointing/looking at them when they have been named	Realisation	6-12 months
799	4	Cognition	Move to their hands and knees from a sitting position when trying to reach an object/person	Exploration	6-12 months
800	4	Cognition	Move towards a member of staff to attract attention when not engaged in a task	Initiation	6-12 months
801	4	Cognition	Pat a picture in a book to indicate recognition when a member of staff asks them to find a specific item	Realisation	6-12 months
802	4	Cognition	Push different shapes through matching holes when encouraged to do so by an adult	Realisation	6-12 months
803	4	Cognition	Put different objects into containers when encouraged to do so by a member of staff	Realisation	6-12 months
804	4	Cognition	Scribble on paper with a pen/pencil/crayon to imitate others when working	Realisation	6-12 months
805	4	Cognition	Search for appropriate clothing visually within a selection of two and with adult encouragement, when transitioning subjects	Realisation	6-12 months
806	4	Cognition	Search for objects with their eyes/hands when they fall out of sight	Exploration	6-12 months
807	4	Cognition	Test the responses of members of staff by seeking attention before attempting new activities	Initiation	6-12 months
808	4	Cognition	Test the responses of members of staff by seeking attention before attempting previously prohibited activities	Initiation	6-12 months
809	4	Cognition	Understand the meaning of the word 'No!' by responding when it has been exclaimed by a member of staff	Realisation	6-12 months
810	4	Cognition	Recognise activities by reacting with excitement when provided with familiar activities	Realisation	6-12 months
811	4	Cognition	Release an object voluntarily when offered a new object	Realisation	6-12 months
812	4	Cognition	Explore objects on a tray in front of them	Exploration	6-12 months
813	4	Cognition	Move symbols on their timetable when it is placed in front of them	Realisation	6-12 months
814	4	Cognition	Perform actions by trial and improvement when experiencing failed attempts	Realisation	6-12 months
815	5	Cognition	Point to their body parts when named	Realisation	12-21 months
816	5	Cognition	Repeat an action in order to obtain a similar effect	Realisation	12-21 months
817	5	Cognition	Respond to photographic/pictorial requests with an appropriate action when shown by a member of staff, e.g. moves towards the toilet when shown a photo	Realisation	12-21 months
818	5	Cognition	Act upon auditory indications in close proximity that signal events, e.g. sound of a bell indicating the end of the lesson	Realisation	12-21 months
819	5	Cognition	Act upon visual indications in close proximity that signal events, e.g. the sight of cutlery being put on the table	Realisation	12-21 months
820	5	Cognition	Apply potential solutions to problems systematically when attempting to resolve issues that affect them, e.g. looks nearby for their other shoe when one is missing, then further afield	Realisation	12-21 months
821	5	Cognition	Check to see if an object is in a container	Exploration	12-21 months
822	5	Cognition	Dismantle an object	Exploration	12-21 months
823	5	Cognition	Exercise some care when warned something is hot	Realisation	12-21 months
824	5	Cognition	Explore a range of natural objects	Exploration	12-21 months
825	5	Cognition	Explore changes in a familiar room	Exploration	12-21 months
826	5	Cognition	Explore pages in books visually/haptically when working with a member of staff	Exploration	12-21 months
827	5	Cognition	Follow a falling object as it disappears	Exploration	12-21 months
828	5	Cognition	Identify letters and symbols, demonstrating an understanding that they convey a meaning	Realisation	12-21 months
829	5	Cognition	Identify their ears by pointing to them when asked by a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
830	5	Cognition	Identify their eyes by pointing to them when asked by a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
831	5	Cognition	Identify their head by pointing to it when asked by a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
832	5	Cognition	Identify their knees by pointing to them when asked by a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
833	5	Cognition	Identify their mouth by pointing to it when asked by a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
834	5	Cognition	Identify their nose by pointing to it when asked by a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
835	5	Cognition	Identify their shoulders by pointing to them when asked by a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
836	5	Cognition	Identify their toes by pointing to them when asked by a member of staff	Realisation	12-21 months
837	5	Cognition	Knock objects intentionally to make them move	Exploration	12-21 months
838	5	Cognition	Listen and respond to simple information or instructions, e.g. ‘Ben, put on shoes’, ‘Mohammed, give to Sam’	Realisation	12-21 months
839	5	Cognition	Look at an object when it is named	Exploration	12-21 months
840	5	Cognition	Make a pictorial representation of an object	Realisation	12-21 months
841	5	Cognition	Mix substances in water and comment on what they see	Exploration	12-21 months
842	5	Cognition	Move towards the object being discussed	Exploration	12-21 months
843	5	Cognition	Notice changes of sound in the environment	Exploration	12-21 months
844	5	Cognition	Notice visual changes in a familiar room	Exploration	12-21 months
845	5	Cognition	Pick objects off the floor to inspect them closely	Exploration	12-21 months
846	5	Cognition	Read picture books on their own	Exploration	12-21 months
847	5	Cognition	Relate a particular daily sound to an event, e.g. the bell for break	Realisation	12-21 months
848	5	Cognition	Search for objects a member of staff has hidden	Exploration	12-21 months
849	5	Cognition	Show an unknown object to a peer to see if they know what it is	Exploration	12-21 months
850	5	Cognition	Show anticipation to communicate a repetitive word or sound during a familiar rhyme or story	Anticipation	12-21 months
851	5	Cognition	Test new/unfamiliar objects, e.g. through manipulation/squeezing	Exploration	12-21 months
852	5	Cognition	Turn a book around to look at pictures in different ways	Exploration	12-21 months
853	5	Cognition	Turn the pages of a book when looking at books independently	Exploration	12-21 months
854	5	Cognition	Demonstrate an understanding of edible and non-edible	Realisation	12-21 months
855	5	Cognition	Give named, familiar objects to a member of staff, e.g. coat, car, apple, book	Realisation	12-21 months
856	5	Cognition	Remember a response to an activity over extended periods of time after repeatedly engaging with it	Realisation	12-21 months
857	5	Cognition	Respond to simple questions with appropriate responses, e.g. looks at their shoe when asked where it is	Realisation	12-21 months
858	5	Cognition	Return to a favourite activity	Persistence	12-21 months
859	5	Cognition	Associate words they hear with objects they see when given instructions	Realisation	12-21 months
860	5	Cognition	Return to a new/unfamiliar object to further explore it	Exploration	12-21 months
861	5	Cognition	Press switches in random order to watch outcome, e.g. to activate lighting effects on a computer	Exploration	12-21 months
862	5	Cognition	Repeatedly undertake an action to affect an outcome, e.g. hits a button multiple times	Realisation	12-21 months
863	5	Cognition	Sort objects by colour when given a choice of two	Realisation	12-21 months
864	5	Cognition	Turn pages in a book when reading with a member of staff	Exploration	12-21 months
865	5	Cognition	Use common/familiar objects functionally	Realisation	12-21 months
866	5	Cognition	Demonstrate recognition of activities in which they were previously involved	Realisation	12-21 months
867	5	Cognition	Explore new things but still ‘check in’ with a member of staff	Exploration	12-21 months
868	5	Cognition	Return to a specific place to experience a particular activity	Exploration	12-21 months
869	5	Cognition	Label one to two pictures with words	Realisation	12-21 months
870	5	Cognition	Match objects based on obvious criteria, e.g. when a member of staff picks an item, the individual finds ones that match	Realisation	12-21 months
871	5	Cognition	Point to pictures on request	Exploration	12-21 months
872	5	Cognition	Show some basic awareness of cause-and-effect	Exploration	12-21 months
873	5	Cognition	Cheer or clap the achievements of others	Exploration	12-21 months
874	5	Cognition	Communicate “Me” and “Mine” to identify possession when familiar people are introduced/taken away	Realisation	12-21 months
875	5	Cognition	Communicate “Me” and “Mine” to identify possession when objects are introduced/taken away	Realisation	12-21 months
876	6	Cognition	Comment on the obvious changes in food they have helped prepare, e.g. soft before and hard after cooking	Realisation	21-36 months
877	6	Cognition	Communicate using descriptive language, e.g. I want the big box	Realisation	21-36 months
878	6	Cognition	Communicate using functional language, e.g. put that here	Realisation	21-36 months
879	6	Cognition	Communicate using positional language, e.g. the ball is in the box	Realisation	21-36 months
880	6	Cognition	Communicate using temporal language, e.g. I play later?	Realisation	21-36 months
881	6	Cognition	Communicate what they have found out about a new object	Realisation	21-36 months
882	6	Cognition	Find an object by location, e.g. find me a member of staff from the office	Realisation	21-36 months
883	6	Cognition	Go to find an object being discussed	Realisation	21-36 months
884	6	Cognition	Pass an object when requested by a peer	Realisation	21-36 months
885	6	Cognition	Repeat two numbers in sequence	Realisation	21-36 months
886	6	Cognition	Respond to something new with questions	Realisation	21-36 months
887	6	Cognition	Understand concepts of over, under, in and on	Realisation	21-36 months
888	6	Cognition	Actively want to explore a prediction made on past experiences	Exploration	21-36 months
889	6	Cognition	Anticipate daily events from less obvious auditory clues, e.g. the growing noise in corridor indicates lunchtime	Anticipation	21-36 months
890	6	Cognition	Anticipate daily events from less obvious visual clues, e.g. the arrival of specific visitor indicates the start of a particular activity	Anticipation	21-36 months
891	6	Cognition	Assemble a four-piece puzzle	Realisation	21-36 months
892	6	Cognition	Assemble a six-piece puzzle	Realisation	21-36 months
893	6	Cognition	Attempt to reassemble a toy/object	Realisation	21-36 months
894	6	Cognition	Demonstrate an understanding of how mechanical objects work, e.g. winds up a car to make it move	Realisation	21-36 months
895	6	Cognition	Demonstrate confusion when an expected event does not occur, e.g. bell does not make a noise when rung	Anticipation	21-36 months
896	6	Cognition	Demonstrate confusion when an object does not do what they expect when investigated	Anticipation	21-36 months
897	6	Cognition	Demonstrate understanding of simple concepts including "In", "On", "Under", "Big", or "Little"	Realisation	21-36 months
898	6	Cognition	Describe an object they have in their hand, giving more than one property	Realisation	21-36 months
899	6	Cognition	Experiment on an object using past activities as a basis, e.g. wants to see if an unfamiliar object floats or sinks after an activity testing other objects	Exploration	21-36 months
900	6	Cognition	Follow a simple pattern on a lacing card	Realisation	21-36 months
901	6	Cognition	Identify the sound source when an object is out of view	Exploration	21-36 months
902	6	Cognition	Indicate correctly pictures of characters and objects in response to questions such as ‘Where is (the) …?’ (PKSS)	Realisation	21-36 months
903	6	Cognition	Place the correct shapes in a shape sorter	Realisation	21-36 months
904	6	Cognition	Press a switch with an auditory prompt	Realisation	21-36 months
905	6	Cognition	Relate present activities and past experiences	Realisation	21-36 months
906	6	Cognition	Separate pictures and writing	Realisation	21-36 months
907	6	Cognition	Sit at the table for a meal	Realisation	21-36 months
908	6	Cognition	Undertake the correct action to complete a task after a previous failure	Realisation	21-36 months
909	6	Cognition	Unscrew and remove a jar lid	Realisation	21-36 months
910	6	Cognition	Use words, signs or symbols related to action	Realisation	21-36 months
911	6	Cognition	Use words, signs or symbols related to colour	Realisation	21-36 months
912	6	Cognition	Use words, signs or symbols related to number	Realisation	21-36 months
913	6	Cognition	Use words, signs or symbols related to size	Realisation	21-36 months
914	6	Cognition	Use words, signs or symbols related to shape	Realisation	21-36 months
915	6	Cognition	Use words, signs or symbols related to time	Realisation	21-36 months
916	6	Cognition	Use words, signs or symbols related to space	Realisation	21-36 months
917	6	Cognition	Search for an object when they are involved in the discussion	Exploration	21-36 months
918	6	Cognition	Indicate understanding of the function of objects in pictures when requested, e.g. points to the car to indicate what they drive, the bed to indicate where they sleep	Realisation	21-36 months
919	6	Cognition	Label one to two objects in a book when interacting with a member of staff	Realisation	21-36 months
920	6	Cognition	Look in the correct place for something they are asked to find	Exploration	21-36 months
921	6	Cognition	Understand a problem caused by themselves and seeks to solve it, e.g. drinks from a glass too full, spills, seeks a cloth	Realisation	21-36 months
922	6	Cognition	Understand 'one' or 'lots'	Realisation	21-36 months
923	6	Cognition	Watch a pattern of lights with interest	Exploration	21-36 months
924	6	Cognition	Understand what objects are used for	Realisation	21-36 months
925	6	Cognition	Understand time in relation to known events, e.g. tea time	Realisation	21-36 months
926	6	Cognition	Use language of position	Realisation	21-36 months
927	6	Cognition	Sort objects by category when given a choice of three	Realisation	21-36 months
928	6	Cognition	Select familiar objects by their use	Realisation	21-36 months
929	6	Cognition	Answer questions involving prepositions, e.g. what's in the box?	Realisation	21-36 months
930	6	Cognition	Select objects by their size	Realisation	21-36 months
931	6	Cognition	Match size and shape to pre-cut pictures	Realisation	21-36 months
932	6	Cognition	Compare objects by their use when playing	Exploration	21-36 months
933	6	Cognition	Match sizes	Realisation	21-36 months
934	6	Cognition	Match three-dimensional shapes, e.g. a ball and an egg, or a cylinder and a block	Realisation	21-36 months
935	6	Cognition	Match two-dimensional shapes, e.g. circle, square, triangle, etc.	Realisation	21-36 months
936	6	Cognition	Solve puzzles with three to four pieces with some help	Realisation	21-36 months
937	6	Cognition	Solve puzzles with up to eight pieces	Realisation	21-36 months
938	6	Cognition	Draw a picture to accompany an idea or story	Exploration	21-36 months
939	6	Cognition	Order up to three objects by size	Realisation	21-36 months
940	6	Cognition	Order two or three items by length	Realisation	21-36 months
941	6	Cognition	Name some common objects in a book	Realisation	21-36 months
942	6	Cognition	Enjoy problem-solving in practical contexts	Persistence	21-36 months
943	6	Cognition	Use the correct amount of water for the size of the container	Realisation	21-36 months
944	6	Cognition	Assemble objects using three to four pieces	Realisation	21-36 months
945	6	Cognition	Describe what they have drawn	Realisation	21-36 months
946	6	Cognition	Know three shapes	Realisation	21-36 months
947	6	Cognition	Know four shapes	Realisation	21-36 months
948	6	Cognition	Know their basic shapes, e.g. triangle, circle, square, rectangle	Realisation	21-36 months
949	6	Cognition	Communicate about what is going to happen	Realisation	21-36 months
950	6	Cognition	Anticipate the start of an activity and get ready	Anticipation	21-36 months
951	6	Cognition	Complete 3- to 4-piece puzzles independently	Realisation	21-36 months
952	6	Cognition	Solve up to 10-piece puzzles	Realisation	21-36 months
953	6	Cognition	Use their fingers to demonstrate number	Realisation	21-36 months
954	6	Cognition	Relate concepts of night and day to familiar events	Realisation	21-36 months
955	6	Cognition	Demonstrate understanding of abstract language, e.g. stop it	Realisation	21-36 months
956	6	Cognition	Communicate what they know about their own family	Realisation	21-36 months
957	6	Cognition	Anticipate the next step in a familiar activity	Anticipation	21-36 months
958	6	Cognition	Communicate the names of colours	Realisation	21-36 months
959	6	Cognition	Recite numbers to 5	Realisation	21-36 months
960	6	Cognition	Recite numbers to 10	Realisation	21-36 months
961	6	Cognition	Demonstrate understanding of the language of time, e.g. "yesterday", "tomorrow"	Realisation	21-36 months
962	6	Cognition	Draw lines to divide their paper in two or more sections	Exploration	21-36 months
963	6	Cognition	Know the names of their siblings	Realisation	21-36 months
964	6	Cognition	Name members of their immediate family	Realisation	21-36 months
965	6	Cognition	Use their fingers to show numbers	Realisation	21-36 months
966	6	Cognition	Copy two words from an adult	Realisation	21-36 months
967	6	Cognition	Copy simple patterns	Realisation	21-36 months
968	6	Cognition	Draw a face	Exploration	21-36 months
969	6	Cognition	Draw a person	Exploration	21-36 months
970	6	Cognition	Draw a simple house	Exploration	21-36 months
971	6	Cognition	Match objects with help	Realisation	21-36 months
972	6	Cognition	Match four colours	Realisation	21-36 months
973	6	Cognition	Match two colours	Realisation	21-36 months
	Step	Category	Outcome	EM Area	Age

First Steps – Engagement Model

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